Sangamo: Informationen zu Partner,
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Feb. 25, 2011, 2:56 p.m. EST
Sangamo shares in biotech spotlightView all Biotech Report ›
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|Recommend PrintEmail AlertBy Val Brickates Kennedy, MarketWatch
BOSTON (MarketWatch) — Shares of Sangamo BioSciences Inc. could see significant action early next week, when the company is scheduled to present data on its promising HIV therapy at a high-profile AIDS research conference in Boston.
Sangamo’s /quotes/comstock/15*!sgmo/quotes/nls/sgmo (SGMO 8.46, -0.04, -0.47%) shares added 10% in afternoon trading Friday.
The Richmond, Calif.-based biotech firm plans to present early-stage data on its cellular therapy SB-728, which uses the company’s proprietary gene-modifying technology. Sangamo believes the therapy can render immune-system cells resistant to HIV, thereby restoring the body’s ability to ward off infection.
Sangamo's 'functional cure' for HIVSangamo Chief Executive Edward Lanphier speaks with Val Brickates Kennedy about the company's "functional cure" for HIV and why his company's stock has jumped 100% in recent months.
“I think the characterization that I’d give is ‘functional cure,’ meaning the ability to create a compartment of the immune system that is protected, cannot be infected by the virus but is actually capable of mounting an antiviral immune response as well as responding to any of the opportunistic infections that cause the AIDS component of HIV,” Sangamo Chief Executive Officer Edward Lanphier told MarketWatch in a recent interview.
If successful, SB-728 could greatly reduce a patient’s dependence on complicated and costly HIV drug regimens, Lanphier added.
The upcoming medical meeting, called the Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, or CROI, will begin Sunday and run through Wednesday, March 2. Next week, researchers will present initial Phase I data on SB-728, with more data to be released in the fourth quarter. The data should indicate not only whether the product is safe but also which types of patients are best suited for the therapy.
According to Wedbush analyst Liana Moussatos, the industry expects the CROI data to be positive, adding that the conference sponsors are very picky about which presentations they choose to include.
“It won’t be negative data. I’m not worried about a downside from CROI,” she said.
But even if SB-728 proves to be a success in the clinic, analysts said it still must show some benefit over existing HIV therapies to be a market success.
Key factors will be how well and for how long it can lower the level of HIV in the bloodstream, whether it has fewer side effects than competing therapies and whether it can reduce the need for additional medications.
Moussatos added that because SB-728 is a cellular therapy that needs to be administered in a clinical setting, how often a patient will need to be dosed is also a major factor. She estimated that in order to compete with other AIDS drugs, the therapy needs to be administered less than once a month.
Typically, dosing requirements are determined during Phase II clinical testing.
Excitement over the company’s HIV program has also helped fuel trading in Sangamo shares, which have shot up 100% over the past three months. But other factors are also fanning the fire.
More promise in the pipeline
The biotech firm’s drug candidate to treat diabetic neuropathy, which is painful nerve damage caused by diabetes, has been pegged as the company’s most lucrative opportunity. Currently, the condition is treated with painkillers and antidepressants.
Sangamo’s therapy, called SB-509, offers a different approach. Sangamo said the product, dubbed a neuroregenerative therapy, is actually able to trigger regeneration of damaged nerve cells. The product is now in its last Phase II testing for the condition.
As few effective treatments exist for diabetic neuropathy, some analysts have estimated the market size for the product to be as large as $6 billion. The American Diabetes Association sets the number of Americans living with diabetes at almost 26 million, or roughly 8% of the population.
Sangamo is also testing SB-509 for treatment of the devastating neurodegenerative disease ALS, or Lou Gehrig’s disease.
If Sangamo is able to produce positive data from its HIV and diabetic-neuropathy programs over the next few months, the stock could shoot up more than 50% by the end of the year, said Moussatos.
Such success would also make Sangamo an increasingly attractive target for a larger pharmaceutical company, a scenario that has further stoked interest in the shares.
“Sure, they’re a target,” said Moussatos. “Once they can prove their platform for AIDS, ALS or diabetic neuropathy… they’ll become even more of a takeover target.”
She noted that potential suitors could include several leading makers of HIV therapies, such as Sanofi-Aventis SA /quotes/comstock/13*!sny/quotes/nls/sny (SNY 34.20, +0.05, +0.15%) , Roche Holding AG /quotes/comstock/11i!rhhby (RHHBY 37.05, +0.06, +0.16%) , Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. /quotes/comstock/13*!bmy/quotes/nls/bmy (BMY 25.54, +0.05, +0.20%) or GlaxoSmithKline PLC /quotes/comstock/13*!gsk/quotes/nls/gsk (GSK 38.12, -0.16, -0.41%) . Other possibilities are large-scale makers of biologic therapies, such as Abbott Laboratories /quotes/comstock/13*!abt/quotes/nls/abt (ABT 47.47, -0.19, -0.39%) or Johnson & Johnson /quotes/comstock/13*!jnj/quotes/nls/jnj (JNJ 59.58, -0.06, -0.10%) .
“I still think the stock is undervalued,” she added.
Val Brickates Kennedy is a reporter for MarketWatch in Boston
obwohl es noch keine News gibt, ist die Aktie am 25.2. bei hohem Umsatz von ca 1.5 mio shares auf 8.5 Dollar gestiegen. Wahrscheinlich gehören Kurse unter 8 Dollar (leider!) nun der Vergangenheit an. Der Chart spricht eine eindeutige Sprache.
Die 10 Dollar werden nächste Woche ziemlich sicher getestet, denn nach ersten Insider Berichten werden die zu erwartenden Meldungen Ende Februar nicht negativ sein.
Sangamo schaffte es am Freitag auf Platz 10 (Gewinn).
Das schafft auch Aufmerksamkeit. 3*toi
NEW YORK (AP) --
A look at the 10 biggest percentage gainers on Nasdaq at the close of trading: OmniVision Technologies Inc. rose 31.8 percent to $31.43. Acacia Research Corp. rose 19.4 percent to $28.29. True Religion Apparel Inc. rose 19.0 percent to $25.07. FX Energy Inc. rose 18.8 percent to $11.73. Stratus Properties Inc. rose 17.9 percent to $13.73. AutoChina Intl rose 16.4 percent to $28.53. Dynamic Materials Corp. rose 14.7 percent to $24.85. PostRock Energy rose 14.3 percent to $5.64. Guaranty Federal Bancshares Inc. rose 13.7 percent to $6.15. Sangamo BioSciences Inc. rose 12.3 percent to $8.50.
Ist u.a. zu finden unter:
http://www.marketwatch.com/story/...spotlight-2011-02-25?siteid=yhoof
Die Überschrift:
By Val Brickates Kennedy, MarketWatch
BOSTON (MarketWatch) — Shares of Sangamo BioSciences Inc. could see significant action early next week, when the company is scheduled to present data on its promising HIV therapy at a high-profile AIDS research conference in Boston.
Da wird ein 50%iger Hive angekündigt, falls nächste Woch am 29.2. der Bericht positiv ankommt. Also 12 Dollar möglich.
Seid doch mal friedlich und genügsam... ;-)... ich wäre schon froh, wenn demnächst 10,-€ erreicht würden..oder auch nur 9,-...
grüße Euch... bin bereits seit Mitte Dezember hier involviert und hoffe und bange, was da kommen mag... es ist sicherlich viel möglich, wenn die Ergebnisse stimmen... aber auch nur dann... jeder weitere Euro oder Cent Kursanstieg ist herzlich willkommen... ;-)
ok. ... hab ich überlesen... wohl Gehirn abwesend... ;-)
aber mal ehrlich... selbst bleibende 7 € wären für mich ein Anlass für einen Freudentanz... :-)))... allerdings gerne mit der Aussicht auf mehr... traue mich nicht wirklich an die beschriebene Rakete zu glauben... auch wenn ich der Aktie eine Riesenpotential zutraue, wenn auch nur ein Teil ihrer Projekte Erfolg zeigt...
kann mir jemand sagen, wo ich evtl. nach- bzw. vorbörsliche Steigerungen nachlesen kann???... ohne dafür viel zahlen zu müssen???
Sangamo HIV drug shown to boost immune cell counts
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Sangamo Biosciences Inc
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02/25/2011
Mon Feb 28, 2011 8:30am EST
* Improved CD4 counts in 5 of 6 patients
* Data said to provide proof of concept
LOS ANGELES Feb 28 (Reuters) - A single infusion of Sangamo BioSciences Inc's (SGMO.O) experimental HIV treatment improved immune system damage in five of six subjects so far analyzed in the first trial of the therapy in humans.
The small Phase 1 trial involves a drug, known as SB-728-T-902, designed to disrupt a specific gene in order to boost resistance to the fatal and incurable virus.
The trial is being conducted in HIV-infected subjects who are on antiretroviral therapy and have undetectable levels of virus, but suboptimal levels of CD4 immune system cells.
The treatment was shown to raise CD4 counts in five of the six subjects analyzed.
"These compelling data provide a mechanistic proof of concept for this novel approach to HIV therapy which shows the most promise of any yet tested," trial investigator Dr. Carl June said in a statement. June is director of translational research at the Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute at the University of Pennsylvania School of medicine
Sangamo BioSciences Announces Presentation of Positive Clinical Data From Novel ZFN Therapeutic Approach for the Treatment of HI
Sangamo Biosciences (NASDAQ:SGMO)
Intraday Stock Chart
Today : Monday 28 February 2011
Sangamo BioSciences, Inc. (Nasdaq: SGMO) announced today the presentation of positive preliminary clinical data from its Phase 1 trial (SB-728-902). The trial is being conducted in immunologic non-responders, HIV-infected subjects who are currently on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and have undetectable levels of virus but suboptimal CD4+ T-cell counts. The study is designed to evaluate safety and clinical outcomes of Sangamo's zinc finger nuclease (ZFN)-generated CCR5-modified, autologous T-cell product (SB-728-T) for the treatment of HIV/AIDS. CCR5 is the major co-receptor used by HIV to infect cells of the immune system.
"These compelling data provide a mechanistic 'proof of concept' for this novel approach to HIV therapy which shows the most promise of any yet tested," stated Carl June M.D., Director of Translational Research at the Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, and an investigator in a second SB-728-T Phase 1 trial that is led by Pablo Tebas, M.D. at the University of Pennsylvania.
"From a single infusion of ZFN-modified cells, substantial and sustained increases in total CD4+ T-cell counts were observed in most subjects. This improvement is greater than we have seen in any previous adoptive T-cell approach. The data are consistent with CCR5-ZFN-modified T-cells being resistant to HIV infection and having a selective advantage in the presence of the virus – just as we saw in the preclinical studies. This is very encouraging as we continue to evaluate the drug in HIV-infected subjects with active infections."
Summary of Clinical Data
The data demonstrate that a single infusion of SB-728-T was well tolerated; the CCR5-modified cells successfully engrafted in all subjects and resulted in a durable improvement in total CD4+ T-cell counts in five of six of the subjects analyzed. In addition, five of the six subjects also exhibited sustained improvements in their CD4:CD8 T-cell ratio, which is an indicator of immunologic health. The ZFN-CCR5-modified cells also exhibited normal T-cell growth kinetics and trafficking and were observed to undergo selective expansion in the gut mucosa, a major reservoir of virus in the body, suggesting, as predicted, that the cells were resistant to HIV infection. These data represent the necessary first steps in the development of a "functional cure" for HIV/AIDS by providing a protected CD4+ T-cell population in these subjects that is resistant to HIV infection.
The presentation will be made at the 18th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI) which is being held in Boston from February 27 to March 2, 2011. In a late-afternoon session on Wednesday, March 2, 2011, Dr. June will present further data from Sangamo's Phase 1 trials of SB-728-T and Paula Cannon, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology at the Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (USC), will present preclinical data from Sangamo's program of ZFN-modification of the CCR5 receptor in hematopoietic stem cells. Also at CROI, Sangamo's collaborators at the University of Pennsylvania will describe preclinical data from a program to modify the CXCR4 gene in human CD4+ T-cells. More information about these presentations will be available later in the week.
"These data represent the beginning of a new hope for HIV therapy," said Jacob Lalezari, M.D., the Director of Quest Clinical Research, Assistant Clinical Professor of Medicine at Mount Zion Hospital, UCSF, and one of the principal investigators of the study. "This approach aims to provide a protected reservoir of HIV-resistant T-cells that are available to fight infections including the virus. I look forward to completing the follow-up of this initial study and to working with Sangamo as it expands these studies to include the full range of HIV-infected populations."
gegen 15 Uhr lag die Aktie bei etwa 6,60 €... gegen 15.30 Uhr, also ziemlich nach Bekanntwerden der klinischen Studien rutschten sie wieder auf etwa 6,20 € ... hätten doch eigentlich steil nach oben gehen müssen... kann mir das mal jemand erklären???... oder ist das Ergebnis der Studie noch nicht bekannt genug???... aber warum dann der "Absturz"???
und die Marke ist gefallen... ich hoffe, nur vorübergehend...
wenigstens macht mir heute meine Bertrandt Freude..
jetzt dümpelt sie bei 5,78 €... da bin ich doch etwas geschockt... damit hatte ich nicht gerechnet... sollen das alles Gewinnmitnahmen gewesen sein???
selbst in Amerika gibt sie stark nach...
aber die Hoffnung stirbt zueltzt... noch hab ich immerhin Gewinn gemacht... und wer sagt denn, dass morgen nicht wieder alles anders aussieht???
tja, wenn ich das wüsste... keine Ahnung... vielleicht hatten die Anleger ein noch besseres Ergebnis der Studien erwartet???... ich grübele auch immer noch...
sell on good news, ein dummer Spruch, aber er scheint heuer hier zuzutreffen. Der Kurs in Dollar ist gestern tatsächlich noch unter die 8 Dollarmarke gerutscht, aber nur kurz. Er steht jetzt wieder bei 8.27 und wird ungefähr bei etwa 8.50 starten. Bid 8.05 und ask 9 Dollar irgendwas. Er hat jetzt 3 mal die 8 Dollarmarke durchstoßen. Ich selber habe noch bei Euro 6,24 zugeschlagen, aufgestockt, bin also in die "Bärenfalle" reingerutscht. Ich denke, nachdem Morgen oder Übermorgen nochmals was dazu rausgegeben wurde (Meeting), wird die 9 Dollarmarke gemeistert sein.
Bin optimistisch bei der Aktie.
Wenn man auf die Nasdaqliste schaut, in der die 10 Topverlierer verzeichnet sind,
fällt auf, dass es gerade Pharma und Biotec erwischt hat. Bis zu 10%. Warum?
Keine Ahnung. Hat es was mit dem Monatende zu tun? Haben Großinvestoren Gewinne realisiert?
Wahrscheinlich.
A look at the 10 biggest percentage decliners on Nasdaq at 1 p.m.: NPS Pharmaceuticals Inc. fell 9.9 percent to $7.49.
Neurocrine Biosciences Inc. fell 9.1 percent to $6.72. Connecticut Bank and Trust Co. fell 9.0 percent to $6.60. Sangamo BioSciences Inc. fell 7.6 percent to $7.85. Timberland BanCorp Inc. fell 7.2 percent to $5.40. MediaMind Technologies Inc. fell 6.9 percent to $13.39. Rand Logistics fell 6.6 percent to $7.08. PC Connection Inc. fell 6.2 percent to $8.30. Spartan Stores Inc. fell 6.2 percent to $14.86. Nova Measuring Instruments Ltd. fell 5.7 percent to $9.26.
In today's throwdown, we've got two drugmakers trying to establish technologies as the newest way to successfully develop drugs: Alnylam Pharmaceuticals (Nasdaq: ALNY) vs. Sangamo BioSciences (Nasdaq: SGMO).
But first, a little drug development 101
Most drugs work by inhibiting the function of a protein. Statins like Pfizer's Lipitor and AstraZeneca's Crestor, for instance, work by inhibiting a protein called HMG-CoA, which helps synthesize cholesterol. If you can't synthesize as much cholesterol, your cholesterol levels go down.
Finding targets to block is fairly easy; they're a dime a dozen. Figuring out how to block them is considerably harder. Drug companies have to find molecules that can bind and inactivate a specific protein, but don't target other proteins, which might cause side effects.
A second class of drugs, therapeutic antibodies, is less problematic on the targeting front since the job of antibodies is to seek out and bind tightly to proteins. By designing antibodies to human proteins -- rather than foreign invaders -- companies can inhibit proteins. The technology works well for surface proteins like VEGF, which Roche's Avastin targets. Targeting internal proteins is more problematic.
Next-generation tech
Rather than inhibit the protein, Alnylam and Sangamo are trying to directly affect the amount of protein in a cell, albeit through entirely different mechanisms.
Alnylam's RNAi technology acts on RNA molecules, the intermediaries between DNA and proteins. The RNAi drugs bind to RNA, causing the RNA molecule to be chopped up. Without the intermediary, proteins aren't formed.
Sangamo's zinc finger transcription factors work one step upstream of RNAi, inhibiting the process of making RNA. The zinc finger binds to the DNA next to the gene that's being turned off and inhibits the formation of RNA.
Both drug technologies can also be used to increase the amount of a protein. For RNAi, it's a matter of inhibiting an inhibitor of the protein that you want to regulate. For zinc finger transcription factors, the process is more straightforward; by using an activator instead of a repressor attached to the zinc finger, the drug can directly activate the expression of a gene.
Pipeline
Both companies have one phase 2 drug and numerous early stage compounds. Their lead drugs are most important because, if they pass the proof of concept phase, it'll be good evidence that their technology is viable.
Alnylam is going after an infectious disease, respiratory syncytial virus, to prove its case. The phase 2b trial for the drug, ALN-RSV01, should read out sometime next year.
Sangamo's lead drug candidate, SB-509, is designed to increase production of vascular endothelial growth factor–A, which is responsible for promoting growth of nerve and vascular cells. The drug is being tested in patients with diabetic neuropathy and should produce data by the end of this year.
Given the earlier readout, I think we've got to give this section to Sangamo.
Partnerships
In addition to bringing in some cash, licensing of the technology by other companies is an endorsement of the potential of the technology and shouldn't be overlooked.
RNAi has had a mixed bag of late. Roche recently abandoned its RNAi development and Novartis (NYSE: NVS) thanked Alnylam for its contribution to its pipeline, but didn't continue its partnership. Alnylam still has licensing deals with GlaxoSmithKline, Biogen Idec (Nasdaq: BIIB), and others. And ALN-RSV01 is partnered with Kyowa Hakko Kirin in Asia and Cubist Pharmaceuticals (Nasdaq: CBST) elsewhere.
Sangamo has quite a few partnerships but they aren't for human therapies. Sigma-Aldrich (Nasdaq: SIAL) sells reagents using the zinc finger technology for laboratory experiments. There's also a partnership with Dow Chemical (NYSE: DOW) using the technology in plants. Finally, the company has licensed its technology to Roche and Open Monoclonal Technology for protein pharmaceutical production and transgenic animals.
Given the endorsements in the clinic, where the big money is to be made, Alnylam takes this section.
Valuation
Sangamo is a little cheaper than Alnylam, but it really doesn't matter if you have a long-term perspective. Both companies are trading under $500 million. Either their technologies are going to work and they'll be multibillion-dollar companies – ten-baggers from here -- or they'll be worthless.
A clear draw in this category.
And the winner is ...
You'll get your vote below, but my suggestion is to invest in both. Developing a new technology is risky. It's better to have two shots on goal. Even if both technologies happen to work, they should be able to coexist since there are plenty of drug targets to go after. Please take our Motley Poll, then scroll down to the comments section to let your fellow Fools know why you voted the way you did.
Take the Motley Poll
Eine relativ verständliche Beschreibung, wie die Therapie zur Aidsbekämpfung (hoffentlich) bald allgemein angewandt werden kann.
Sangamo's Gene Therapy for HIV is Safe, Helps Immune Cells in Early TrialSangamo Biosciences Inc.’s experimental gene therapy was used safely in six patients infected with HIV in the first trial of a new approach aimed at blocking the virus so patients won’t need antiviral drugs.
After a year, five of the six had “significant and largely sustained” increases in the number of infection-fighting t- cells in their system, said study leader Jacob Lalezari, director of Quest Clinical Research, a San Francisco clinical trial center. The patients kept taking drugs to suppress the virus during the study because the research first must assess whether the therapy is safe.
The treatment modifies patients’ t-cells to disable a protein called CCR5 that HIV uses to enter the cells. Without the entry point, HIV might not be able to kill off the immune system cells and they will outlast or eventually overpower the virus, Lalezari said. If the therapy cuts HIV levels in patients who aren’t taking antiviral drugs, it may gain approval by late 2013, said Liana Moussatos of Wedbush Securities in San Francisco.
“When that data comes at the end of this year, we should have an idea whether the efficacy is durable enough and potent enough,” Moussatos, a biotechnology analyst, said in a Feb. 25 telephone interview. If approved, the drug may have sales of $750 million a year, she said.
Shares Rise
Sangamo gained 14 cents, or 1.7 percent, to $8.86 at 9:54 a.m. in Nasdaq Stock Market composite trading. The Richmond, California-based company gained 66 percent in the 12 months before today.
Findings from the company-funded trial were presented today in Boston at the Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, a meeting of infectious disease doctors.
“This isn’t for mass production or fully ready for prime time,” said Scott Hammer, a professor of medicine at Columbia University in New York, in an interview yesterday. “This is early work that takes molecular biology into the clinic. Like everything else in science and HIV, it’s an early and important finding, but we shouldn’t be raising the flag to say we’ve solved the problem yet.”
All six patients, before the trial began, had low levels of the key immune system cells that orchestrate the fight against HIV. Previous therapy had made the virus undetectable in the patients. Researchers were able to modify an average of 26 percent of the t-cells in the laboratory before returning them to the patients.
Cells Take Hold
The modified cells took hold and accounted for 1 percent to 6 percent of the peripheral blood in five patients two weeks after treatment. The genetically-engineered cells lasted throughout the study. The number of immune system cells overall also increased in all five patients, the study found.
One patient had a muted response because his body fought off the virus used to deliver the therapy, Lalezari said in an interview.
More information is needed about how the immune system and the virus react to treatment before it will be clear if the approach works, Lalezari said. If it doesn’t reduce the amount of HIV in people with high levels of the virus, it may have little real impact on the disease, he said.
“These results are about as good as you could hope for,” he said. “Unequivocally, the safety looks good. But it could all amount to nothing unless we move viral load. Then it’s just an interesting experiment.”
Sangamo is presenting another study on Wednesday that tracked patients who stopped taking their HIV drugs after getting the gene-therapy to better understand how it works.
Curing AIDS
The therapy tries to replicate the successful treatment of an American, Timothy Brown, who in 2007 received a stem-cell transplant aimed at curing his leukemia and his HIV. The transplant donor was among the 1 to 2 percent of people with mutations that inactivate both copies of their CCR5 gene.
The transplant worked and Brown stopped taking antiviral medication. Four years later, he has no detectable virus in his system, according to his doctor, Gero Hutter, now with the German Red Cross in Mannheim, Germany.
In Sangamo’s process, doctors draw patients’ blood and remove the infection-fighting white blood cells called t-cells. They are sent to Sangamo and modified using naturally occurring proteins called zinc fingers that cut into patients’ DNA in the middle of the CCR5 gene. The modified cells are then returned to the patient through an infusion.
Reservoir of Cells
While the therapy won’t eliminate the CCR5 protein from all of a patient’s t-cells, it may create a reservoir of cells that are resistant to HIV, helping suppress the virus, Lalezari said.
The Sangamo therapy is “a way to delay or replace antiviral therapy” with one or more treatments, Lalezari said. “To my mind, the importance of this is the extent to which it contributes to a cure.”
In der Kopie von Vitalcaffe fehlt der Schluss, nämlich der Hinweis auf die Zinkfingermethode bzw Gen und somit den Bezug zu Sangamo.
Diese Auswirkungen seien laut der US-Firma Sangama, die die Gentherapie-Studien finanziert, aber eher unwahrscheinlich. Begründung: Ein sogenanntes Zinkfinger-Protein sorge dafür, dass nur bestimmte Gene verändert würden.
Hoffnung in der Aids-Forschung: Wissenschaftler wollen für eine Gen-Therapie T-Zellen (Stammzellen) von Menschen benutzen, die von Natur aus immun gegen HIV sind.
Beim HIV-Test wird das Blut auf Antikörper untersucht, die sich einige Wochen nach einer HIV-Infektion als Reaktion auf eine Ansteckung bilden.
Wie wird HIV festgestellt? Beim HIV-Test wird das Blut auf Antikörper untersucht, die sich einige Wochen nach einer HIV-Infektion als Reaktion auf eine Ansteckung bilden. Wann kann ich mich testen lassen? Die Bildung von HIV-Antikörpern ist fast immer binnen zwölf Wochen nach einer Infektion abgeschlossen. Daher bietet der HIV-Test erst drei Monate nach einer möglichen Infektion eine genügend hohe Sicherheit der Aussage. Was ist der Unterschied zwischen HIV und Aids? HIV ist die Abkürzung für „Humanes Immundefekt Virus“. Das HI-Virus kann die Krankheit Aids auslösen. Wer mit HIV infiziert ist, kann andere Menschen mit dem Virus anstecken, auch ohne an Aids erkrankt zu sein, .Was bedeutet HIV-positiv? Wenn HIV-Antikörper nachgewiesen wurden, also eine HIV-Infektion besteht, nennt man das Ergebnis „positiv“. Wenn keine HIV-Infektion nachgewiesen wurde, heißt das Ergebnis „negativ“.Wie kann ich mich anstecken? Die häufigste Ansteckungsursache ist Geschlechtsverkehr. Im Blut und in anderen zellreichen Körperflüssigkeiten wie Scheiden- oder Samenflüssigkeit befindet sich ebenfalls ansteckungsfähiges HIV. Wie teuer ist ein Test? Gesundheitsämter bieten den HIV-Test meist kostenlos oder gegen eine geringe Gebühr (meist zwischen 10-15 Euro) an. Welche Krankheitssymptome treten bei AIDS auf? Das Vollbild einer Aids-Erkrankung ist von Gewichtsabnahme, schweren Infektionserkrankungen und bestimmten Krebsarten gekennzeichnet. Wie können Männer das Infektionsrisiko verringern? Durch Beschneidung können Männer ihr Risiko für eine Infektion mit dem Aidserreger HIV um mehr als die Hälfte reduzieren. Wie kann der Ausbruch verzögert werden? Die antiretrovirale Therapie kann die Virusvermehrung im Körper verlangsamen, aber letztlich keine vollständige Heilung erreichen. Sie ist nur bei regelmäßiger Einnahme wirksam.<br> Wie wirkt das HI-Virus? Das HI-Virus schädigt oder zerstört bestimmte Zellen der Immunabwehr. Dadurch kann der Körper Bakterien, Viren oder Pilze nicht mehr effektiv bekämpfen.Was für eine Krankheit ist AIDS? Das HI-Virus wird den pandemischen Krankheiten zugeordnet. Im Gegensatz zu den bekannten Epidemien sind Pandemien örtlich nicht begrenzt.Kann ich die Infektion irgendwie erkennen? Eine Infektion mit dem HI-Virus ist niemandem anzusehen. Weder kränklich aussehende Menschen, noch gesundes Aussehen lassen eine fundierte Beurteilung zu. Klarheit bringt nur der HIV-Test.Kann ich mich durch Küssen anstecken? Beim Küssen besteht keine Gefahr. Auch ein Händedruck, Umarmen, Anniesen und -husten oder die gemeinsame Benutzung von Besteck, Toiletten, Handtüchern oder Bettwäsche sind völlig ungefährlich.Wodurch wird die Krankheit übertragen? Dazu gehören neben dem Kontakt mit Blut, Samenflüssigkeit, Scheidenflüssigkeit, Menstruationsblut und Muttermilch auch Darmschleimhaut oder Eiter von Infizierten.
Zur Zeit werden zwei Studien auf einer Fach-Konferenz in Boston vorgestellt. Grundlage ist der Fall eines amerikanischen Patienten, der an Aids erkrankt war und zudem auch Blutkrebs entwickelt hatte. Ihm wurden 2007 an der Berliner Charité Stammzellen eines Spenders transplantiert, der eine natürliche HIV-Resistenz besitzt, wie die „Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung“ in ihrer Online-Ausgabe berichtet. Ein Prozent aller Europäer sind von Natur aus immun. Der Patient ist seitdem vollkommen genesen.
US-amerikanische Forscher erarbeiten nun eine Gen-Therapie, die eine HIV-Immunität bewirken soll. Beteiligte Wissenschaftler äußern sich optimistisch: „Es ist das erste Mal, dass wir über Heilung nachdenken. Auch wenn die neue Therapie-Methode HIV nicht komplett auslöscht, könnte sie doch das Immunsystem der Patienten insoweit reparieren, dass es den Virus kontrollieren kann und keine Aids-Medikation mit Nebenwirkungen mehr nötig sind,“ so Virologe Dr. John Zaia. Die Therapie soll sowohl bei einer HIV-Infektion als auch nach dem Ausbruch von Aids wirksam sein.
Im Rahmen der Studien wurden die T-Zellen von sechs HIV-infizierten Männern aus dem Blut gefiltert, ein Viertel davon wurde im Labor erfolgreich modifiziert. Die Zellen wurden angeregt zu wachsen und in den Blutkreislauf der Probanden zurückgeführt. Drei Männer erhielten 2,5 Milliarden modifizierte Zellen, die anderen drei über fünf Milliarden. Bereits drei Monate später waren bei fünf Männern sechs Prozent ihrer gesamten T-Zellen so verändert, dass sie resistent waren. Der sechste Proband hatte weniger modifizierte Zellen als erwartet.
Ein Jahr nach der Transfusion wachsen die veränderten T-Zellen nun auch in Gewebe, in dem sich HI-Viren ansammeln, wenn sie nicht im Blut nachgewiesen werden können.
Noch ist allerdings unklar, wie sicher die Therapie ist. Das Problem: Die Haltbarkeit der modifizierten Zellen im Körper und ob sie sich wie ganz normale T-Zellen verhalten. Ähnliche Versuche in Paris heilten zwar die Probanden von ihrer Immunschwäche, einige entwickelten aber in der Folge Leukämie. Offenbar wurden weitere Gene verändert, die dann Blutkrebs auslösten.
Diese Auswirkungen seien laut der US-Firma Sangama, die die Gentherapie-Studien finanziert, aber eher unwahrscheinlich. Begründung: Ein sogenanntes Zinkfinger-Protein sorge dafür, dass nur bestimmte Gene verändert würden.
Eine Gen-Therapie wäre günstiger: Etwa 20 000 Euro kosten Medikamente für einen Aids-Patienten pro Jahr. Transplantationen von Stammzellen sind zwar um einiges teurer, nach einigen Jahren rechnet sich die Behandlung jedoch